Integration of artificial intelligence in English language teaching at public schools in Vietnam: Teachers’ perceptions, readiness, and uses

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.65956/tila.2026.29

Keywords:

English Language Teaching (ELT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Teacher Professional Development, AI Integration in ELT

Abstract

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping education, particularly English Language Teaching (ELT). AI offers interactive learning environments that enhance language teaching and learning. However, integrating AI into English teaching at public schools at primary, secondary, and high school levels remains underexplored in Vietnam. This study examines the integration of AI in teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in Vietnam. The study particularly investigated EFL teachers’ perceptions, concerns, and readiness to integrate AI in EFL teaching. Data were collected from 247 EFL teachers across primary, secondary and high schools in four southern Vietnamese provinces through surveys, interviews, and classroom observations. Findings provide insights for policymakers, curriculum developers, and educators on the current state of AI adoption in English language teaching. They emphasize teachers’ professional development needs and illustrate how AI can boost student engagement, tailor learning, and improve English language use. While focused on Vietnam, the study contributes to global discussions on AI in education, offering perspectives relevant to similar contexts.

Author Biographies

  • Ho Thanh My Phuong, Ho Chi Minh City Open University

    Ho Thanh My Phuong got her Doctoral Degree from University of Southern California. She has worked as a university lecturer and educational manager for over 30 years. She teaches Graduate programs in TESOL at Curtin and Open University and being the supervisor of several Master Theses and Ph.D. Dissertation in TESOL.

  • Nguyen Thi Thuy Trang, SEAMEO Regional Training Center (SEAMEO RETRAC), Vietnam

    Nguyen Thi Thuy Trang is an EFL teacher for over 20 years. She received her PhD Degree from University of South Australia. She is now the Deputy Dean, Division of Foreign Studies, SEAMEO RETRAC. She has contributed to national and international projects, serving as a reviewer for prestigious journals and conferences.

  • Mach Buu Hien, SEAMEO Regional Training Center (SEAMEO RETRAC), Vietnam

    Mach Buu Hien is currently working as an English teacher, a curriculum developer, and a teacher educator at SEAMEO RETRAC. She graduated from Monash University with a Master degree in TESOL International. Her research interests include curriculum design, ELT Methodology, Language Assessment and Testing and Teacher Professional Development.

References

Alabbad, A., & Huwamel, H. S. B. (2020). The effect of using Padlet as a vocabulary knowledge enhancement application on Saudi EFL female learners, and their attitudes toward its value in learning. Arab World English Journal (AWEJ) Special Issue on CALL (6), 357-378. https://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/call6.24

Ayanwale, M. A., Sanusi, I. T., Adelana, O. P., Aruleba, K. D., & Oyelere, S. S. (2022). Teachers’ readiness and intention to teach artificial intelligence in schools. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 3(1), 100099. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100099

Butarbutar, R. (2024). Artificial intelligence for language learning and teaching: A narrative literature study. Englisia: Journal of Language, Education and Humanities, 12(1), 147-163. https://doi.org/10.22373/ej.v12i1.23211

Cantos, K. F. S., Varas Giler, R. C. V., & Castro Magayanes, I. E. C. (2023). Artificial intelligence in language teaching and learning. Ciencia Latina Revista Científica Multidisciplinar, 7(4), 5629-5638. https://doi.org/10.37811/cl_rcm.v7i4.7368

Chen, C., & Gong, Y. (Frank). (2025). The role of AI-assisted learning in academic writing: A mixed-methods study on Chinese as a second language students. Education Sciences, 15(2), Article 141. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15020141

Chen, Z., Liu, T., & Liu, X. (2024). Twee: Artificial intelligence assistant to generate versatile materials for language education. RELC Journal, 56(3), 810-814. https://doi.org/10.1177/00336882241282471

Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd ed.). Sage.

Dang, T. T. (2025). AI tools for language learners: The promotion of learning independence or reliance. In Pham, V. P. H., Lian, A., Lian, A., White, J. (Eds.), Empowering educators: Integrating AI tools for personalized language instruction, (pp. 263-280). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-01348-4_11

Davis, F. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13, 319-340. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008

Dörnyei, Z., & Dewaele, J.-M. (2023). Questionnaires in second language research: Construction, administration, and processing (Third edition.). Routledge.

Eldin, A., H., S. (2024). Using artificial intelligence in EFL teacher education programs. Sustainability Education Globe, 2(1), 26-35. https://doi.org/10.21608/seg.2024.272816.1004

Elmahdi, O. E. H., AbdAlgane, M., & Balla, A. A. S. (2024). AI’s role in EFL: Optimizing opportunities while mitigating risks. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation, 7(10), 21-37. https://doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2024.7.10.4

Ertmer, P. A., & Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A. T. (2010). Teacher technology change: How knowledge, beliefs, and culture intersect. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 42(3), 255-284. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2010.10782551

Fitria, T. N. (2021). The use of technology based on artificial intelligence in English teaching and learning. ELT Echo: The Journal of English Language Teaching in Foreign Language Context, 6(2), 213-223. https://doi.org/10.24235/eltecho.v6i2.9299

Holmes, W., Porayska-Pomsta, K., Holstein, K., Sutherland, E., Baker, T., Shum, S. B., Santos, O. C., Rodrigo, M. T., Cukurova, M., Bittencourt, I. I., & Koedinger, K. R. (2022). Ethics of AI in education: Towards a community-wide framework. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 32(3), 504-526. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-021-00239-1

Hua, H. H., & Le, T. T. (2024). Exploring the impact of AI in language education: Vietnamese EFL teachers’ views on using ChatGPT for fairy tale retelling tasks. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 23(3), 486-503. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.23.3.24

Huang, A. Y. Q., Lu, O. H. T., & Yang, S. J. H. (2023). Effects of artificial intelligence-enabled personalized recommendations on learners’ learning engagement, motivation, and outcomes in a flipped classroom. Computers & Education, 194, 104684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2022.104684

Karaman, M., & Go ̈ksu, I. (2024). Are lesson plans created by ChatGPT more effective? An experimental study. International Journal of Technology in Education, 7(1), 107-127. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijte.607

Karataş, F., Abedi, F. Y., Ozek Gunyel, F., Karadeniz, D., & Kuzgun, Y. (2024). Incorporating AI in foreign language education: An investigation into ChatGPT’s effect on foreign language learners. Education and Information Technologies, 29, 19343-19366. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-12574-6

Kim, N. J., & Kim, M. K. (2022). Teachers’ perceptions of using an artificial intelligence-based educational tool for scientific writing. Frontiers in Education, 7, 755914. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.755914

Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2009). InterViews: Learning the craft of qualitative research interviewing (2nd ed.). Sage.

Le, T. N. H. (2024). The effectiveness of using Quizizz in teaching English as a foreign language at a tertiary level. Journal of Knowledge Learning and Science Technology, 3(1), 207-220. https://doi.org/10.60087/jklst.vol3.n1.p222

Le, X. C., & Vu, T. L. G. (2024). Positive teaching methods combined with artificial intelligence in university teaching. Journal of Science Hanoi Open University, 119, 20-27. https://jshou.edu.vn/houjs/article/view/455

Luckin, R., Holmes, W., Griffiths, M., & Forcier, L. B. (2016). Intelligence unleashed: An argument for AI in education. Pearson.

Mishra, P., & Koehler, M.J. (2006). Technological pedagogical content knowledge: A framework for teacher knowledge. Teachers College Record, 108(6), 1017-1054. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9620.2006.00684.x

Nguyen, G., Nguyen, N., & Giang, N. (2022). Situation and proposals for implementing artificial intelligence-based instructional technology in Vietnamese secondary schools. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 17(18), 53-75.

Owan, V. J., Abang, K. B., Idika, D. O., Etta, E. O., & Bassey, B. A. (2023). Exploring the potential of artificial intelligence tools in educational measurement and assessment. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 19(8). https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/13428

Pham, A. T. (2023). The impact of gamified learning using Quizizz on ESL learners’ grammar achievement. Contemporary Educational Technology, 15(2), ep410. https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/12923

Pham, T. N., & Dang, T. X. (2025). An investigation into the application of artificial intelligence for language teaching and learning in Vietnam. Vietnam Journal of Education, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.52296/vje.2025.557

Selwyn, N. (2019). Should robots replace teachers?: AI and the future of education. John Wiley & Sons.

Tan, X., Cheng, G., & Ling, M. H. (2025). Artificial intelligence in teaching and teacher professional development: A systematic review. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 8, Article 100355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100355

Trinh, T. H., & Do, T. M. T. (2024). Impacts of digital transformation on English teaching and learning in Vietnam today. International Journal of Education and Social Science Research, 7(2), 226-231. https://doi.org/10.37500/ijessr.2024.7214

U.S. Department of Education, Office of Educational Technology. (2023). Artificial intelligence and the future of teaching and learning: Insights and recommendations. U.S. Department of Education. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED631097.pdf

van Deursen, A. J., & van Dijk, J. A. (2019). The first-level digital divide shifts from inequalities in physical access to inequalities in material access. New Media & Society, 21(2), 354-375. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818797082

Vu, T. K. C., Nguyen, H. T. T., & Dang, V. M. T. (2024). An investigation into students’ perceptions of using padlet as a discussion board at Saigon University. Proceedings of the AsiaCALL International Conference, 6, 310-324. https://doi.org/10.54855/paic.24622

Walter, Y. (2024). Embracing the future of artificial intelligence in the classroom: The relevance of AI literacy, prompt engineering, and critical thinking in modern education. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 21(15), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-024-00448-3

Wang, A. I., & Tahir, R. (2020). The effect of using Kahoot! for learning - A literature review. Computers and Education, 149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103818.

Wragg, E. C. (2012). An introduction to classroom observation (Classic ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203357279

Yuniarti, F., & Nurjannah, A. (2025). EcoLingua: Optimizing Indonesian learning through Lumen5 in digital era. EBONY: Journal of English Language Teaching, Linguistics, and Literature, 5(1), 53-68.

Zainuddin, M. (2024). Teachers’ perceptions of AI tools in enhancing student engagement for English language learning. Research Studies in English Language Teaching and Learning, 2(6), 367-380. https://doi.org/10.62583/rseltl.v2i6.64

Zawacki-Richter, O., Marín, V. I., Bond, M., & Gouverneur, F. (2019). Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education - Where are the educators? International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16(1), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0171-0

Zebua, W., Gulo, S., Bawamenewi, A., & Gulo, K. M. (2024). Developing interactive learning with PowerPoint via the Canva application. Journal International Inspire Education Technology (JIIET), 3(1), 132-138. https://doi.org/10.55849/jiiet.v3i1.654

Downloads

How to Cite

Ho, P., Nguyen, T., & Mach, H. (2026). Integration of artificial intelligence in English language teaching at public schools in Vietnam: Teachers’ perceptions, readiness, and uses. Journal of Technology Innovation and Learning Advancement, 1(2), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.65956/tila.2026.29
Received: 11-01-2026
Accepted: 27-02-2026
Published: 15-05-2026

Published:

15-05-2026

Data Availability Statement

The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Issue

Section

Empirical Research Articles